š¹All Mughal Emperors (barring Babar and Humayun; but their reigns were too short) were great patrons of arts, literature and culture inspired by the Vaishnava tradition (pic shows a miniature of the celebration of Diwali Jashn-e-Chiraghan at the Mughal Court)
š¹If that had not been the case it would have been impossible for the Mughal Empire to become as strong, as large and as wealthy as it did!
š¹Emperor Akbar was a patron of the VaishnavaĀ traditionĀ andĀ wasĀ known for his many grants and endowmentsĀ ā the earliest being in 1565 to the priest of Govindadeva temple (Burchett 2019,Ā p.Ā 118). AkbarĀ kept granting lands to temples tillĀ theĀ last years ofĀ hisĀ reign.
š¹This is evident from how he āenlarged and consolidated all grants to temples and temple-servants in the Mathura region by hisĀ farmansĀ of 4 and 19 Shahriwar 43 Ilahi year (27 August and 11 September 1598), which provided for a total grant of 1,000 bighas of land to 35 temples in Mathura, Vrindavan and their environsā (Mukherjee and Habib 1988,Ā pp.Ā 287-300).
š¹It is also interesting to note, as Pika Ghosh points out to demonstrate the Hindu-Muslim syncretism of the site, āthe series of five early temples (Madanmohan, Gopinath, Radha Vallabh, Jugal Kishor, and Govindadeva)⦠flaunt the red sandstone marked unmistakably by their immediately precedent use at Akbarās capital at Fatehpur Sikriā (Ghosh 2002,Ā p.Ā 205).
š¹Further evidence suggests that āVaishnavas belonging to different sampradayasĀ (communities)Ā ā including Bengalis of the Chaitanya sect ā whoā¦Ā gathered in MathuraāBrindavan, quite regularly petitioned and lobbied the imperial durbar for the settlement of grievances as well as for additional land and other material grantsāĀ (Chatterjee 2009,Ā p.Ā 156).
š¹For Emperor Akbar Sulh- i-kul ( Arabic for āPEACE FOR ALL) was to become his method of judging what was legally right or wrong within his empire and was created because Akbar understood that he was trying to build political institutions for predominately non-Muslim society. Thus, in his empire, the beliefs and opinions of the orthodox mullahs were not to be the critical test for his rule because he wanted all of his subjects to be judged equally before the law.
š¹ Akbar established separation of state and religion and opened government positions to members of all religions. He abolished the jizya on non-Muslims and the forced conversion of prisoners of war to Islam. He converted the meetings of Muslim clerics into open discussions between Islam, Hindu, Parsi and Christian scholars and in 1579 issued an edict that made him the highest authority in religious matters.
š¹In Civil courts Akbar abolished laws that discriminated against non-Muslims. He raised the Hindu court system to official status side by side with Muslim law and reformed the legislation with the aim to maximize common laws for Muslim and Hindu citizens.
š¹Of Emperor Akbarās Experiments With Religion some other timeā¦
š¹Akbar was,Ā however,Ā not aloneĀ inĀ his householdĀ in hisĀ support for Vaishnavism.
š¹ #HamidaBanu, Akbarās mother, had particularly supported the VallabhaĀ sampradaya.
š¹In 1581, in no uncertain terms,Ā she ordered that āthe cows of Vithaleshwar may graze wherever they are and not a single individual of the Khalisa and jagirdar should molest them or prevent them. They must allow his cows to graze and the aforesaid person should feel perfectly at easeā (Edicts from the Mughal HaremĀ 2009,Ā p.Ā 4).
š¹Jahangir not only continued Akbarās grants but addedĀ considerablyĀ to it. He turned Todar Malās 1584 grantĀ ofĀ 100Ā bighas into a permanent imperial grant āin favour of Srichand, Gopaldasās successor, asĀ sevakĀ of the temple of Madan Mohan. That is, it was no longer resumable byĀ jagirdarsā (Mukherjee, HabibĀ 1988,Ā p.Ā 288).
š¹He also financed the construction of two temples, one in Vrindavan and another in Mathura, and issued a number of grants to the influential gurus: Kamadev Acharya and sons received 24Ā bighasĀ in 1612, Narayan Das andĀ sonsĀ 12Ā bighas in 1612, Brindaban Das and Nanda LalĀ 50Ā bighasĀ in 1612, Swamidas 20 bighas in 1613,Ā and Shyam KrishanĀ 15Ā bighasĀ in 1615 (Mukherjee, Habib )
š¹Emperor Shahjahan, faced with a dwindling treasury, wasnāt nearly as open-handed as his predecessors when it came to temple-grants, but he nonetheless preserved the earlier ones (Mukherjee, Habib p.Ā 288)
š¹Shah Jahan however can take all the credit for the Mughal tradition of the elaborate fireworks display on the banks of the Yamuna on the festival of Diwali
š¹I have have talked about this before in an article on Aurangzeb but here goes nothing āIn 1687, the Emperor Aurangzeb (much maligned from all sides) gave some empty land on a ghat in Benares (which was, incidentally, near a mosque) to Ramjivan Gosain in order to build houses for āpious Brahmins and holy faqirs.ā
š¹In 1691 Aurangzeb conferred eight villages and a sizable chunk of tax-free land on Mahant Balak Das Nirvani of Chitrakoot to support the Balaji Temple.
š¹In 1698 he gifted rent-free land to a Brahmin named Rang Bhatt, son of Nek Bhatt, in eastern Khandesh in central India.
š¹The list goes on and includes temples and individuals in Allahabad, Vrindavan, Bihar, and elsewhere.
š¹Aurangzeb enacted similarly favourable policies towards Jain religious institutions. Again following Akbarās example, Aurangzeb granted land at Shatrunjaya, Girnar, and Mount Abuāall Jain pilgrimage destinations in Gujaratāto specific Jain communities in the late 1650s. He gave Lal Vijay, a Jain monk, a monastery (poshala), probably sometime before 1681, and granted relief for a resting house (upashraya) in 1679.
š¹So whatās with the Mughal era being branded the Muslim period with poor Hindus being persecuted for the presence of a foreskin?
š¹Itās such a dimwitted droll story lapped up by dimwitted duncesā¦āAurangzeb Hated Hindusā And thatās one thing both the Hindu and Muslim Right agree on totally
š¹I have been abused thoroughly by both by trying to bring out what the Mughals did to consolidate their rule in integrating the entire population of the Empire in loyalty to the Emperor
š¹The Hindu Right is convinced I am a Paki/Muslim fifth columnist
š¹The Muslim Right is sure I am in fact an RSS agent sent into their midst to try and Hindu-ise that anti-Hindu idol Emperor Aurangzeb
š¹As for me I feel depressed the day I donāt get abused at least fifteen times by ignoramuses who either forgot all they were taught in school or who never went to school
š¹Either way I am ONE HAPPY MAN!
Mughal Emperors Were Great Patrons Of The Vaishnava Tradition; So How Could They Be Anti-Hindu by RKB
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